乳腺癌的诊断、评估和治疗选择
Here we discuss the diagnosis, assessment and breast cancer treatment options in Singapore, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
What Is Diagnostic Imaging – X-Ray, Ultrasound, CT Scan, MRI And PET Scan?
Diagnostic imaging comprises various techniques to view the inside of the body. This allows doctors to find indications of a health condition, diagnose the condition, or to see how well a patient is responding to treatment.
Imaging tests include X-Ray, Ultrasound, CT scans, MRI and PET scans are mostly non or minimally invasive. Read on to find out what they are, the differences, and what they are generally used for.
What Is An X-Ray?
X-ray machines emit electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of tissues, bones, and organs Standard X-rays may be used for a variety of reasons, including diagnosing tumours or injuries to bones. X-ray scans expose patients to radiation.
- Soft body tissues such as blood, skin, fat, and muscle allow more X-ray to pass through, resulting in darker images on the film or digital media.
- Bones and tumours are denser and allow less of the X-rays to pass through, resulting in white images.
- For example, if there is a break in the bone, more of the X-rays pass through the broken area and the break is seen as a dark line against the white bone.
X-rays are also used in technology is used in other types of diagnostic imaging, such as CT scans.
What Is An Ultrasound?
Another diagnostic imaging technology is ultrasound. This non-invasive imaging test uses high-frequency sound waves to create pictures or videos of internal organs or other soft tissues in real-time. Ultrasound does not involve the use of radiation. Ultrasound can help the doctor investigate a variety of conditions, such as unexplained pains, lumps, or the causes of abnormal blood tests.
- During an ultrasound, a transducer is placed over an area of the body. The ultrasound waves are transmitted from the transducer into the body.
- The sound waves bounce off structures inside the body and back to the transducer. A computer then converts the signals into real-time images or videos.
What Is A CT Scan?
CT (computed tomography) scans use X-rays to produce detailed images of the inside of the body. They are often used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, injuries from trauma, and musculoskeletal disorders. Like standard X-Rays, radiation is used in CT scans.
• Multiple cross-sectional images of the body are taken and re-assembled in a computer to show the internal organs and other structures (e.g. bones, blood vessels).
• Can be rotated to allow the radiologist to view it from various angles.
What Is A MRI Scan?
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) creates detailed images of organs and other structures inside the body using a powerful magnet and radio waves. Patients undergoing this test must remove metal items and inform the technician of any internal devices (e.g. pacemaker) that contain metal. MRI is used to diagnose conditions including ligament injuries and tumours.
• MRI scans may require a contrast agent that is injected through an IV line to allow a better view of the area under study.
• Like CT scan, MRI shows the structure of the body, but produces different set of information.
• Takes longer to perform than a CT and is more expensive.
• Does not expose patients to radiation.
What Is A PET Scan?
A PET (positron emission tomography) scan is used to visualise the metabolism or chemical activity within the body. Unlike CT and MRI scans that look at the form of structures inside the body, a PET scan looks at the functioning of the body and detected unusual cellular activity. A PET scan may be used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders such as dementia or Alzheimer’s.
- It involves injecting a small amount of radioactive substance (radiotracer) through an IV line into the body.
- The PET scanner detects and records the activity of the radiotracer as it moves through the body.
- Can detect abnormal changes before structural changes occur. E.g. Cancer may be detected before tumour formation, or before it can be seen via CT or MRI scan.
PET scans may often be combined with a CT scan for a more complete picture (PET / CT Scan).
X-Ray | Ultrasound | CT Scan | MRI | PET Scan | |
What Does It Show? | Structure of tissues / organs / bones. | Structure of tissues / organs / bones. | Structure of tissues / organs / bones. | Structure of tissues / organs / bones. | Metabolism or chemical activity in the body. |
What Are The Common Diagnostic Uses? | Tumours or injuries to bones. | Unexplained pains, lumps, or the causes of abnormal blood tests. | Cancer, heart disease, injuries from trauma, and musculoskeletal disorders. | Ligament injuries, brain disorders, and tumours. | Cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders. |
Radiation Exposure? | Yes. | No. Uses sound waves. | Yes. | No. Uses magnet and radio waves | Yes (from radiotracers). |
Cost Of Diagnostic Imaging In Singapore And Malaysia
The actual cost of diagnostic imaging will depend on the choice of hospital / imaging centre, and also on the specifics of the scan required. Some general costings are tabulated below as a guide for easy reference. Certain scans such as PET scans that require special radiotracers may cost substantially more.
Singapore | Malaysia | |
X-Ray | S$50 - 100 | RM 50 - 200 |
Ultrasound | S$130 - 200 | RM 100 - 200 |
CT Scan | S$400 – 1,400 | RM 3000 – 3300 (PET / CT Scan) |
MRI | S$1,000 – 2,000 | RM 1,000 |
PET Scan | S$2,500 – 4,000 | RM 3000 – 3300 (PET / CT Scan) |
Where To Get Diagnostic Imaging In Singapore And Malaysia
Health365 has healthcare partners in Singapore and Malaysia that provide diagnostic imaging services. Contact us to enquire.
Related Articles You Might Be Interested In
在马来西亚关于乳癌的五个常见问题
在本文中，我们将解答关于马来西亚乳腺癌的五个常见问题，帮助您保持信息更新并做好准备。
[Perspectives] Recommended Health Screening In Singapore: Why Starting Early At 45 Could Make A Difference
In this article, we explore recommended health screening in Singapore and why earlier screening may offer significant benefits.
马来西亚心脏筛查指南：全面了解各类心脏健康检测
在这篇Health365马来西亚指南中，我们详细探讨了马来西亚的各类心脏筛查测试、其目的及检查过程中的注意事项。
Health365 Guide To Heart Screening In Singapore
An in-depth look at heart screening in Singapore, its purpose, recommended practices, and more.
[Perspectives] Why Second Opinion Matters And Why You Should Not Shy Away From Getting One
This article explores the importance of getting a second opinion and highlights a notable case where it might have been.
.
